Overview
These surgeries are typically considered when non-surgical treatments, such as lifestyle modifications or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, have not provided adequate relief or are not suitable for the patient.
In many cases, sleep surgery is used in conjunction with other treatment modalities, such as lifestyle changes, weight loss, or the use of CPAP therapy. A multidisciplinary approach involving sleep specialists, otolaryngologists (ear, nose, and throat surgeons), and other healthcare providers is often recommended to determine the most appropriate treatment plan.
Types
There are several surgical procedures available to treat OSA and other sleep-related breathing disorders. Some common types of sleep surgery include:
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Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. This surgery is most commonly performed on children, but it can also be performed on adults. It involves removing the tonsils and adenoids, which are two pieces of tissue at the back of the throat. Read more about tonsillectomy here, and adenoidectomy here.
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Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). This surgery involves removing or reshaping the soft palate, uvula, and tonsils.
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Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA). This surgery involves moving the upper and lower jaws forward to widen the airway.
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Hyoid suspension surgery. This surgery involves moving the hyoid bone forward to widen the airway.
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Tracheostomy. This surgery involves creating a hole in the windpipe and inserting a tube to allow air to bypass the blockage.
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Risks
The risks of sleep surgery will vary depending on the type of surgery you have and your individual circumstances. However, some common risks of sleep surgery include:
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Bleeding
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Infection
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Pain
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Swelling
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Numbness or tingling
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Scarring
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Changes in voice or speech
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Difficulty swallowing
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It's essential for patients to weigh these risks against the potential benefits, which may include improved sleep quality, reduced symptoms, and decreased health risks associated with untreated OSA (read more here).
Candidate Evaluation
Not everyone with sleep-related breathing disorders is a candidate for sleep surgery. Candidates are typically evaluated by an Ear, Nose, and Throat Specialist (Otolaryngologist), or sleep medicine specialist who considers factors such as the severity of the condition, the anatomical features contributing to airway obstruction, the patient's overall health, and their willingness to undergo surgery.